Security - and CCTV use has exploded because of what this technology can do to help us manage our security environments more efficiently.
What is cctv ?
A typical Closed Circuit Television system uses cameras to transmit live video images from any given location to a display unit and/or recording device.
The images are transmitted via a conduit capable of transmitting video i.e.. cables, fibre optic, microwave transmitters etc. hence the term "closed circuit"
Traditional systems can display real time images on a video monitor and are recorded.
Security - and CCTV use has exploded because of what this technology can do to help us manage our security environments more efficiently.
Typical CCTV Systems are comprised of 1/4"/1/3" and 1/2" CCD, chip, cameras, and more recently 2.0-mega pixel cameras, the resolution can be anywhere from 300 to 800lines.
The higher the resolution the better the image clarity.
A combination of colour and black/white cameras are used, black and white cameras perform better in low-light conditions.
The camera is combined with a lens, typically between 2.8mm to 65.0mm fitted to the shot we are wanting to capture.
The cameras are then integrated into a switching/controlling mechanism, either a multiplexer or matrix switcher, dedicated DVR or network.
These units allow multiple cameras to be viewed or recorded from single or multiple location/s
Camera Resolution.
The higher the image quality fed into the display and recording equipment, the better the end result will be. If you wish to monitor movement within a given area a low quality image will suffice and hence the quality of equipment will not be a primary concern. If however you require positive identification of people or vehicles the quality becomes an overriding factor.
The quality of a camera can be defined in a number of different ways but primary consideration should be given to the camera resolution (the amount of detail)
Resolution is the property of a system to display fine details. The higher the resolution, the more details we can see. The resolution of a TV picture depends on the number of active scanning lines ,the quality of the camera, the quality of the monitor and the quality of the transmitting media.
There are 2 types of resolutions - Vertical and horizontal.
Vertical resolution is defined by the number of horizontal lines / details that can be resolved on a monitor screen.
Horizontal resolution is the number of effective pixels / details along a horizontal line that can be resolved on a monitor screen. This depends on the quality of the camera & monitor and essentially on the Band Width of the system.
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Uses
CCTV has many industrial and scientific applications, including electron microscopy, medical imaging and robotics, but the term "closed circuit TV" refers most often to security and surveillance camera systems.
Although all of these applications of CCTV are fairly common, perhaps the most pervasive use of CCTV is for surveillance. Security cameras are now an ubiquitous feature of many institutions and places, from the corrections facility to the convenience store
Digital, IP & Video Network Cameras
A network camera can be described as a camera and computer combined into one unit. It connects directly to the network as any other network device. A network camera has its own IP address and built-in computing functions to handle network communication.
